SEO (Search Engine Optimization) are of three types:
White Hat SEO
Black Hat SEO
Grey Hat SEO
1. White Hat SEO
White hat SEO utilizes techniques and methods to improve the search engine rankings of a website which don't run afoul of search engine (mainly Google) guidelines.It is also considered as Ethical or Organic SEO.
The techniques used are On-Page Optimization and Off-Page Optimization.
2. Black Hat SEO
Black Hat SEO exploits weaknesses in the search engine algorithms to obtain high rankings for a website. Such techniques and methods are in direct conflict with search engine guidelines.It is also considered as Unethical SEO.
Some black hat SEO techniques include: link spam, keyword stuffing, cloaking, hidden text, and hidden links.
The techniques used under black hat seo are against the guidelines of the search engines and are hence banned or blacklisted by them.
The websites using black hat seo experience a quick increase in ranking but this change is Quick, unpredictable, and short-lasting growth in rankings.
3. Grey Hat SEO
Gray Hat SEO is the SEO which takes risks i.e. using techniques that may borderline Black Hat SEO.Gray hat SEO techniques can be legitimate in some cases & illegitimate in others.
Doorway Pages, Gateway Pages, Duplicate content are some of the Gray Hat SEO.
